授業科目名 年度 学期 開講曜日・時限 学部・研究科 全担当教員 単位数
12952:[2025 春セメスター]IR18‐EE311 Peace and Conflict Studies(RA) § 12953:RUIR-3531 Peace and Conflict Studies(RA) § 12954:IR-EAS203 Peace and Conflict Studies(RA) 2025 春セメスター 月3 国際関係学部 小林 主茂 2

キャンパス

衣笠

授業施設

明学館MG002号教室

授業で利用する言語

English

授業の概要と方法

【+R-Jugyo】
Information for “+R-Jugyo” will be posted on the “Course News” on manaba+R by April 1. Be sure to check the “Course News” on manaba+R.


Do citizens have the right to rebel against a repressive government? How do resource conflicts affect business operations? Do ethnic or religious differences cause civil wars? These are some of the big questions we will explore together in this course, which is designed to introduce students to the scientific study of civil wars. This course entails scenario analysis and other practical exercises where students will apply the knowledge acquired in this course to analyze ongoing conflicts. The course will be tailored to the needs of students aspiring to pursue global careers. To this end, it will feature (a) case-based learning methods; (b) practice-oriented assignments, such as a conflict analysis paper; and, (c) active learning exercises, including discussion and group work. I very much look forward to sharing some of what I have learned in my own research as we journey together through this course.

受講生の到達目標

This course is not just about acquiring factual knowledge about civil wars; it is also designed to be a transformative learning experience where you can develop and practice higher-order thinking skills that will help you build a meaningful intellectual life beyond university. To this end, this course entails the following five concrete learning outcomes. By the end of this course, students will be able to:

1) describe basic concepts and theoretical frameworks relevant to the analysis of civil wars in their own words;
2) identify reliable sources of information in peace and conflict studies (e.g. journals, datasets, commentaries);
3) discuss causes, developments, and potential remedies of armed conflicts with a critical mindset;
4) evaluate the robustness of theoretical argumentation and distinguish theoretically-informed arguments from arbitrary speculation; and,
5) produce a practical conflict analysis that informs the formulation of public policy and business strategies.

事前に履修しておくことが望まれる科目

This is an advanced undergraduate course designed for students who have already acquired basic knowledge of International Relations (IR) theory and political science. It is desirable that students intending to register for this course have taken relevant introductory courses, such as Introduction to Peace Studies.

授業スケジュール

授業回数/
担当教員（複数担当の場合） 		テーマ
キーワード・文献・補足事項等
Session 1

Course Guidance: Why Study Civil Wars?

Overview of the course and course requirements

◼ Required Readings/Videos
• Walter, B. (2023). Is the US headed towards another civil war?. TED, 15 August 2023.


This course will progress through four stages. After initial course guidance (Session 1) and the introductory session (Session 2), we will begin by reviewing sociological approaches to contemporary conflicts, focusing on identity, ethnicity, gender, and other social factors (Sessions 3-5). Second, we will learn about economic drivers of armed conflicts (Sessions 6-8). Third, we will examine the political and international dimensions of civil wars which are embedded within a broader context of global power politics (Sessions 9-11). Finally, students will apply the knowledge acquired in this course to practice analyzing causes and potential remedies to recent cases of civil wars (Sessions 12-13). In the final session (Session 14), we will critically reflect upon our learning journey together in this course.

In order to develop and practice the higher-order thinking skills described above, course sessions are organized in an interactive manner that integrates class discussion, group work, scenario analysis, and other active learning exercises in the classroom. Students are expected to complete reading/video assignments every week and to familiarize themselves with the concepts introduced by these assignments. Students interested in advanced materials are encouraged to consult the supplementary references provided below (see also the Reference Books listed below).

Session 2

What Is Civil War?

◼ Required Readings/Videos
• CFR. (2023). Understanding intrastate conflict. CFR Education, 16 May 2023.
• Sambanis, N. (2004). What is civil war?. Journal of Conflict Resolution 48(6): 814-858.


◼ Supplementary Readings
 Newman, E. (2004). The “new wars” debate: A historical perspective is needed. Security Dialogue 35(2): 173-189.
 Howard, L. M., & Stark, A. (2018). How civil wars end: The international system, norms, and the role of external actors. International Security 42(3): 127-171.

Session 3

Social Perspectives (I): The Clash of Civilizations?

◆ Case Study of the Week: Bosnia and Herzegovina

◼ Required Readings/Videos
• Huntington, S. P. (1992). The clash of civilizations?. Foreign Affairs 72(1): 22-49.
• Powers, G. F. (1996). Religion, conflict and prospects for reconciliation in Bosnia, Croatia and Yugoslavia. Journal of International Affairs 50(1): 221-252.
• BBC. (2017). The butcher of Bosnia. BBC, 16 November 2016.

◼ Supplementary Readings
 Kalyvas, S. (2003). The ontology of “political violence”: Action and identity in civil wars. Perspectives on Politics 1(3): 475-494.
 Slack, J. A., & Doyon, R. R. (2001). Population dynamics and susceptibility for ethnic conflict: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Peace Research 38(2): 139-161.

Session 4

Social Perspectives (II): Constructing Ethnic Wars

◆ Case Study of the Week: Rwanda

◼ Required Readings/Videos
• Fearon, J. D., & Laitin, D. (2000). Violence and the social construction of ethnic identity. International Organization 54(4): 845-877.
• Snyder, J., & Ballentine, K. (1996). Nationalism and the marketplace of ideas. International Security 21(2): 5-40.
• Wamariya, C. (2018). War and what comes after. TEDWomen, 15 May 2018.

◼ Supplementary Readings
 Posen, B. R. (1993). The security dilemma and ethnic conflict. Survival 35(1): 27-47.
 Sambanis, N. (2001). Do ethnic and nonethnic civil wars have the same causes? A theoretical and empirical inquiry (Part 1). Journal of Conflict Resolution 45(3): 259-282.

Session 5

Social Perspectives (III): Gendering War and Peace

◆ Case Study of the Week: Afghanistan

◼ Required Readings/Videos
• Bakken, I. V., & Buhaug, H. (2021). Civil war and female empowerment. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 65(5) 982-1009.
• Winthrop, R. (2003). Reflections on working in post-conflict Afghanistan: Local versus international perspectives on gender relations. Women’s Studies Quarterly 31(3/4): 247-252.
• Koofi, F. (2015). When women are at the table. TEDxPlaceDesNations, 2 January 2015.

◼ Supplementary Readings
 Byrne, B. (1996). Towards a gendered understanding of Conflict. IDS Bulletin 27(3). Brighton: IDS, University of Sussex.
 Ahmad, L. H. (2022). “Afghan women” aren’t who you think they are. Foreign Policy, 14 August 2022.

Session 6

Economic Perspectives (I): Greed or Grievance?

◆ Case Study of the Week: Sierra Leone

◼ Required Readings/Videos
• Collier, P., & Hoeffler, A. (2004). Greed and grievance in civil war. Oxford Economic Papers 56(4): 563-595.
• Kobayashi, K., & M’cleod, H. (2021). Rethinking business reforms in post-conflict settings: The case of Sierra Leone. Conflict, Security & Development 21(1): 43-61.
• France24. (2021). Two decades on, Sierra Leone still scarred by civil war. France24, 8 October 2021.

◼ Supplementary Readings
 Silberfein, M. (2004). The geopolitics of conflict and diamonds in Sierra Leone. Geopolitics 9(1): 213-241.
 Ross, M. (2004). How do natural resources influence civil war? Evidence from thirteen cases. International Organization 58(1): 35-67.

Session 7

Economic Perspectives (II): Business and Conflict

◆ Case Study of the Week: Colombia

◼ Required Readings/Videos
• Stohl, R. (2005). Fighting the illicit trafficking of small arms. SAIS Review of International Affairs 25(1): 59-68.
• Gray, V. J. (2008). The new research on civil wars: Does it help us understand the Colombian conflict?. Latin American Politics and Society 50(3): 63-91.
• ICG. (2025). How a new drug trafficking landscape fuels violence in Latin America. ICG Visual Explainers, 19 March 2025.

◼ Supplementary Readings
 Luiz, J. M., Ganson, B., & Wennmann, A. (2019). Business environment reforms in fragile and conflict-affected states: From a transactions towards a systems approach. Journal of International Business Policy 2(3): 217-236.
 Franz, T. (2016). Plan Colombia: Illegal drugs, economic development and counterinsurgency–a political economy analysis of Colombia's failed war. Development Policy Review 34(4): 563-591.

Session 8

Economic Perspectives (III): Myths and Realities of Resource Wars

◆ Case Study of the Week: Sudan

◼ Required Readings/Videos
• Homer-Dixon, T. (1994). Environmental scarcities and violent conflict: Evidence from cases. International Security 19(1): 5-40.
• Selby, J., & Hoffmann, C. (2014). Beyond scarcity: Rethinking water, climate change and conflict in the Sudans. Global Environmental Change 29: 360-370.
• VOA Africa. (2011). Sudan water conflict. VOA Africa, 27 April 2011.

◼ Supplementary Readings
 Ross, M. L. (1999). The political economy of the resource curse. World Politics 51(2): 297-322.
 Albertus, M. (2025). The coming age of territorial expansion: Climate change will fuel contests—and maybe wars—for land and resources. Foreign Affairs, 4 March 2025.

Session 9

Political Perspectives (I): Repression and the Conflict Trap

◆ Case Study of the Week: Myanmar

◼ Required Readings/Videos
• Keels, E., & Nichols, A. D. (2018). State repression and post-conflict peace failure. Conflict, Security & Development 18(1): 17-37.
• Kuok, L. (2017). Insurgency and repression in Myanmar: From communal to state violence. Foreign Affairs, 23 February 2017.
• NowThis World. (2019). The rise and fall of Myanmar’s Aung San Suu Kyi explained. NowThis World, 24 March 2019.

◼ Supplementary Readings
 Young, J. K. (2013). Repression, dissent, and the onset of civil war. Political Research Quarterly 66(3): 516-532.
 Christensen, D., Nguyen, M., & Sexton, R. (2019). Strategic violence during democratization: Evidence from Myanmar. World Politics 71(2): 332-366.

Session 10

Political Perspectives (II): Territory, Sovereignty, and Secessionist Wars

◆ Case Study of the Week: Kosovo

◼ Required Readings/Videos
• Toft, M. D. (2014). Territory and war. Journal of Peace Research 51(2): 185-198.
• Dietrich, F. (2010). The status of Kosovo: Reflections on the legitimacy of secession. Ethics & Global Politics 3(2): 123-142.
• The Economist. (2018). How did Kosovo become a country?. The Economist, 15 February 2018.

◼ Supplementary Readings
 Walter, B. (2006). Information, uncertainty, and the decision to secede. International Organization 60(1): 105-135.
 Roberts, A. (1999). NATO’s “humanitarian war” over Kosovo. Survival 41(3): 102-23.

Session 11

Political Perspectives (III): Proxy Conflicts and Internationalized Civil Wars

◆ Case Study of the Week: Ukraine

◼ Required Readings/Videos
• Marshall, A. (2016). From civil war to proxy war: Past history and current dilemmas. Small Wars & Insurgencies 27(2): 183-195.
• Matveeva, A. (2016). No Moscow stooges: Identity polarization and guerrilla movements in Donbass. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 16(1): 25-50.
• The Economist. (2022). Why is Russia invading Ukraine?. The Economist, 10 February 2022.

◼ Supplementary Readings
 Gleditsch, K. S., Salehyan, I., & Schultz, K. (2008). Fighting at home, fighting abroad: How civil wars lead to international disputes. Journal of Conflict Resolution 52(4): 479-506.
 Smith, N. R. (2015). The EU and Russia’s conflicting regime preferences in Ukraine: Assessing regime promotion strategies in the scope of the Ukraine crisis. European Security 24(4): 525-540.

Session 12

Conflict Analysis Practice (I): Ethiopia

◼ Required Readings/Videos
• Al Jazeera. (2021). The conflict in Ethiopia—who’s fighting who, and why?. Al Jazeera, 14 December 2021.
• Coons, C. (2021). Peace is still possible in Ethiopia: How to avoid a Balkan-style catastrophe in the Horn of Africa. Foreign Affairs, 6 December 2021.
• ICG. (2021). Ethiopia’s civil war: Cutting a deal to stop the bloodshed. ICG Briefing No.175/Africa, 26 October 2021.

◼ Supplementary Readings
 Abbink, J. (2006). Ethnicity and conflict generation in Ethiopia: Some problems and prospects of ethno-regional federalism. Journal of Contemporary African Studies 24(3): 389-413.
 Donno, D., Morrison, K., & Savun, B. (2022). Not all elections are created equal: election quality and civil conflict. The Journal of Politics 84(1): 134-147.

Session 13

Conflict Analysis Practice (II): Armenia/Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh)

◼ Required Readings/Videos
• VOX. (2020). The Armenia and Azerbaijan war, explained. VOX, 3 December 2020, Accessible at this link.
• Schmeidl, S., Ware, A., & Alberti, C. (2023). Conflict sensitivity/Do No Harm (DNH) in development, humanitarian, and peacebuilding practice–reflections and emerging trends. Development in Practice 33(5): 517-527.
• Borsari, F. (2022). Turkey’s drone diplomacy: Lessons for Europe. ECFR Commentary, 31 January 2022.

◼ Supplementary Readings
 Melander, E. (2001). The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict revisited: Was the war inevitable?. Journal of Cold War Studies 3(2): 48-75.
 Özkan, B. (2008). Who gains from the “no war no peace” situation? A critical analysis of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Geopolitics 13(3): 572-599.

Session 14

Final Discussion Session

Recap and final discussion activities

◼ Required Readings/Videos
N/A

授業実施形態

All course sessions are to be conducted in person.

授業外学習の指示

Each week, students are expected to read/watch weekly assignments before the class and also review the learning materials from the previous session(s). The expected amount of weekly preparatory/review study time for this course is around 4 hours.

成績評価方法

種別 割合(%) 評価基準等
定期試験（筆記） 0

レポート試験
（統一締切日を締切とするレポート）		 0

上記以外の試験・レポート、平常点評価
（日常的な授業における取組状況の評価）		 100

• Active Participation: 20%
• Weekly Writing Assignments (Digital Minute-Papers, 100-150 words per week): 40%
• Final Reflection Paper (around 1,200 words, due one week after Session 14): 40%

成績評価方法(備考)


■ Active Participation (20%)
In this course, each session entails class discussion and other practical exercises designed to enhance your learning experiences. In this context, “active participation” means continuously and constructively engaging in class activities as a proactive learner. All of us in the class – you, me, and your peers – share the responsibility of fostering an enabling environment where we can engage in constructive mutual learning. Everyone is expected to actively participate, so that we can all benefit from the insights and experiences each person brings to our class.


■ Weekly Writing Assignments - DMP: Digital Minute-Papers (40%)
Pedagogical research demonstrates that a habit of constant self-reflection promotes effective learning. For this purpose, I ask you to submit a digital minute-paper (DMP) after each session (except Sessions 1 and 14), in which you will critically reflect upon your learning experience in 150-200 words. Your DMP should address the following questions:
• What was the most interesting thing you learned in this session?
• What was the most difficult thing to understand in this session?
• Do you have any questions about the material?
You should spend no more than 10-15 minutes writing a DMP. I will provide timely feedback on the questions and/or concerns raised in your DMP. This practice of constant feedback is meant to enhance your learning experience and to support your growth as an active learner.

You are asked to submit a DMP within 24 hours after the end of each weekly session, though I strongly encourage you to submit your DMP immediately after each session. Your DMPs must be submitted via manaba+R, which automatically registers the time of submission. Your DMPs will be evaluated based on the following criteria:
(a) Relevance: DMP content is relevant to the materials covered in the session.
(b) Volume: DMP has a length between 100-150 words.
(c) Timeliness: DMP is submitted within 24 hours after the end of the session.

Each DMP submission counts as 3% of your overall grade, except for the submission after Session 2, which exceptionally counts as 7% of your overall grade. You are not required to submit a DMP after Sessions 1 (course guidance) and 15 (review session). This means that we will have 12 substantive weekly sessions in total (Sessions 2-13); if you are present at all of these sessions and successfully submit DMPs after each of them, then the cumulative gain will be 40% of your final grade. Incomplete submissions (e.g. late submissions, DMPs that are shorter than 100 words, etc.) will result in deduction of grade gains.


■ Final Reflection Paper (40%)
The purpose of this final assignment is to help you critically reflect upon your learning experiences in this course (e.g. what was the most important takeaway from this course, how you contributed to class/group discussions, and how the things you learned in this course can be applied to make sense of the world around us, and so on). More detailed information on reflection questions, format, and writing tips will be provided separately at Session 1.
Your final reflection paper must be submitted via manaba+R, which automatically registers the time of submission. Late submission will be penalized, unless you have been granted a formal extension for justified reasons.


Though I ask you to actively participate in all sessions, there could be forces beyond your control that might prevent you from being present in class, including sudden illness. In such cases, please consult me via email as soon as possible and we will find a fair way to accommodate you.

In a similar vein, your assignment submission deadline may be extended under special circumstances. In these cases, I also ask you to consult me via email as soon as possible. Otherwise, late submission of assignments will result in automatic deduction of assignment grades. More detailed information on late submission penalties will be provided separately at Session 1. My hope is that all of you will complete and submit your essays before the designated deadlines, but the penalties are set to ensure fairness and consistency in the grading process.

受講および研究に関するアドバイス

教科書

教科書(使用頻度、その他補足)

There is no assigned textbook for this course, but students are required to read/watch the weekly readings and videos listed above. All learning materials will be made available on manaba+R (many of them are also directly accessible via the links provided above).

参考書

書名 著者 出版社 ISBNコード 備考
Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies Lois Edmund Rowman & Littlefield 978-1538117637
Introduction to Conflict Studies: Empirical, Theoretical, and Ethical Dimensions Vern Neufeld Redekop and Jean-Francois Rioux Oxford University Press 978-0195446548
Peace and Conflict Studies, 4th Edition David Barash and Charles Webel SAGE 978-1506344225
Peace and Conflict Studies: A Reader, 1st Edition David Barash and Charles Webel Routledge 978-0415591294
Peace and Conflict Studies Research: A Qualitative Perspective Robin Cooper and Laura Finley (eds) Information Age Publishing 978-1623966911
Handbook of Peace and Conflict Studies Charles Webel and Johan Galtung (eds) Routledge 978-0415396653
The SAGE Handbook of Conflict Resolution Jacob Bercovitch, Victor Kremenyuk, and William Zartman (eds) SAGE 978-1412921923
The World in Conflict: Understanding the World's Troublespots John Andrews The Economist 978-1610396172
At War’s End: Building Peace after Civil Conflict Roland Paris Cambridge University Press 978-0521541978
New and Old Wars: Organised Violence in a Global Era, 3rd Edition Mary Kaldor Polity Press 978-0745655635
The Logic of Violence in Civil War Stathis Kalyvas Cambridge University Press 978-0511818462
Theories of Violent Conflict: An Introduction, 2nd Edition Jolle Demmers Routledge 978-1138856394
Introduction to Conflict Resolution: Discourses and Dynamics Sara Cobb, Sarah Federman, and Alison Castel (eds) Rowman & Littlefield 978-1786608512
The Myth of Ethnic War Chip Gagnon Cornell University Press 978-0801472916
Eyewitness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda Michael Barnett Cornell University Press 978-1501702433
When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism and the Genocide in Rwanda Mahmood Mamdani Princeton University Press 978-0691102801
Must We Fight?: From The Battlefield to the Schoolyard-A New Perspective on Violent Conflict and Its Prevention William Ury (ed) Jossey-Bass 978-0787961039
What Do We Know about Civil Wars? David Mason and Sara McLaughlin Mitchell (eds) Rowman and Littlefield 978-1442242258
Business and Conflict in Fragile States: The Case for Pragmatic Solutions Brian Ganson and Achim Wennmann Routledge 978-1138213975

参考書(使用頻度、その他補足)

Students are encouraged to consult the above-listed books for self-study purposes.

参考になるwwwページ

授業内外における学生・教員間のコミュニケーションの方法

コミュニケーションペーパー,manaba+R,学生との直接対話,その他(教員より別途指示）

備考

Please make sure to regularly check the course page on manaba+R for announcements and notifications. I am here to support your success in this course and beyond. If you have any concerns or questions, I encourage you to contact me as early as possible. I prefer to be contacted by e-mail. I usually respond to e-mails within 48 hours, excluding holidays and weekends.

Feel free to stop by my office during open office hours (to be announced at Session 1). We can alternatively arrange for virtual office hours via Zoom. Beyond these designated office hours, I will also be available for you by appointment.


It is certainly important for you to grow into independent learners able to take ownership of your own learning journeys – but it is equally important for us to learn how to learn with others, especially in our era of interconnectedness where effective solutions to daunting global challenges (including the pandemic) require multilateral collaboration. Through class discussion and other team-based exercises, we will learn how to engage in the collective knowledge-building that is foundational to future global cooperation.

Between 2012 and 2022, I lived in Geneva and I have been actively involved in the delivery of executive education programs for UN officials (e.g. action learning courses for peacebuilding and humanitarian professionals), as well as in policy consulting projects for various government agencies and international organizations. My teaching approach is informed by my continuous engagement with these professionals and I look forward to sharing my practical insights with you throughout this course.
【科目ナンバリング・カリキュラムマップはこちらから/Click here to see the Curriculum-Map and Course-Numbering】
URL:https://secure.ritsumei.ac.jp/students/pathways-future/course/curriculum.html/